English 111 Writers in Cyberspace

Thanks for a great semester!!

2007-11-28T12:03:00.000-05:00

Thanks, everyone, for contributing to this class blog and making it useful for our class discussions--I hope you learned something by reading and responding to your peers in this digital space. Thanks again for a good semester and best of luck on your finals!

--ejfleitz

2007-11-28T10:10:00.000-05:00

there are two opposing views regarding powerpoints, one positive and one negative. Tufte beleives that powerpoints are useless boring ways that everyone uses, where there is no creativity or ways to get a simple point acrosss. Byrne on the other hand beleives they are useful where yo can display numerous slides of helpful information on a certain topc to help get a point a cross, or for something educational.

PowerPoint-Tim Fisher

2007-11-28T09:12:00.000-05:00

Each writer describes how PowerPoint effects the audience who is listening. Tufte feels that watching a powerpoint presentation is one of the most boring experiences in life, while Byrne feels just the opposite. These writers just completely disagree with the entire topic.

Powerpoint

2007-11-26T01:39:00.000-05:00

Both Byrne and Tufte are using the specific criteria of content. On one side, Byrne thinks that the content is a positive thing because it is entertaining. He said in the essay that the large amount of slides you can have is a good thing. But Tufte does not think so. He says that since so many people use power point from such a young age and for everything, that it is boring and you cant put useful information on the small, useless slides. The same exact criteria is argued positively and negatively.

Gangsta-Tim Fisher

2007-11-16T09:13:00.000-05:00

Througout this essay, all Dyson really discusses is the long, colorful history of rap music. While he does spend quite a bit of time describing the meaning that the lyrics carry, and what kind of history they do have, I just don't see any evalutation in this. What I do think it is, is his description of the brand of music he loves.

2007-11-16T00:55:00.000-05:00

I don't think Dysons point of his essay is to evauluate rap music on artistic principles. It seems his point is to look back at where this style of music came from and what exactly started it. He talks about how its music has history and some form of meaning behind it. Rappers use emotion and sometimes poor language in their music, which Dyson says lets people stereotype about rappers.

Gangsta Rap

2007-11-16T00:40:00.000-05:00

Dyson's real purpose for writing this essay seems to be in order to describe how rappers are representatives of the black community. The lyrics in rap songs tend to focus on the conditions of life in the ghettos and of the black community. This essay seems to be more of an evaluation of the rappers themselves rather than the actual rap music. The evaluation tells more how the rappers themselves are personal representatives of the black community, but they sometimes exaggerate the conditions of life of the black community.

Dyson: Gangsta Rap

2007-11-15T22:26:00.000-05:00

Looking at the entirity of this essay, i noticed that Dyson is not necessarily evaluating Rap but giving the backround information on the history and ideas of he rap community. In some cases their are forms of artisitc principles but mainly the idea of backing up the ideals that come from rap musicians and their music. I dont necessarily agree with the idea that male and female bodies are a commodity, because the people who put themselves in these situations are making more money then we can believe.

In the situations list in this essay, Dyson does a good job of explaining raps problems with morals and the medias opinion on the damages and problems arising with the industry. Overall i think Dyson did a wonderful job of evaluationg many different standpoints, but i think that jumping from topic to topic, and not really staying with one idea. None the less i really enjoyed this essay

Gangsta Rap & American Culture

2007-11-15T18:40:00.000-05:00

Dyson's real purpose in writing this essay is not to evaluate rap music on artistic principles, but it is something more. Dyson evaluates the will, the images, and the culture of the black society. He talks about the need for hip-hop to come about. Gangsta rap gave hip-hoppers the chance to reveal their tragic and difficult lives. They could "represent" themselves. Then Dyson talks about the image that gangsta rap reveals. Rap describes black men as sexual outlaws and women as ho's. This is the stereotype of the black sexual identity. Then there is the culture, for many practices of the black society women are not treated equally, this is also the way it is in black church. Basically, all the critics before have criticized the sexism and misogyny of gangsta rap, but it has been evaluated by Dyson that gangsta rap is merely the truth of the black community in lyrics.

Gangsta Rap

2007-11-15T18:21:00.000-05:00

I do not think Dyson's real purpose is to evaluate te music on artistic principles. I think Dyson is evaluating where the music came from and how the music originated. He mentions how for some people rap music is hard to listen to because of all of the name calling. Rap music also sets up for people to stereotype due to the words the music uses and the images. He also mentions that some rap songs have history behind the song. Some artists show their feelings and explain their life and let out their anger in a song.

Gangasta Rap

2007-11-15T18:12:00.000-05:00

The point of Dyson's essay is not to evaluate or criticize Rap music on a artistic level, but to look at the underlying causes for Rap music and it's origins. The aspects that Dyson focused on were the forces that help Rap emerge, negative and positive black images, and harmful truths and beliefs that are practiced in society and in the black community.

Dyson first looks that the time period in which Rap was born. He claims that the conditions of the 70's and late 60's were the forces that help Rap to become what it was. It emerged as a voice for black people who were suffering during that period. Dyson also goes on to say that Rap was a way of "representing" where you came from.

Secondly Dyson talks about the images associated with Rap music. He believes that the sterotypes of black men as "sexual outlaws" and black women as "ho's" is burried in narritives and ancent sterotypes of black sexual identity. In ancient times black male and female bodies were viewed as commondies and object, and that is how they are now reflected in Gangsta Rap.

The third point that Dyson makes is that while Rap may be a bad representaion of the black community, the white community failes to address the underlying issues if these songs. Dyson's views Rap music as a cry for help and saids that communities should try and help fix the problem instead of being transfixed by the vulgor language.

These three points help to strength Dyson's point that Rap originated in real issues and truth.

Gangsta rap

2007-11-15T11:31:00.000-05:00

Dyson's real purpose is not to evaluate rap music on artistic principles. Instead, he is evaluating it based on moral principles and values, and he focuses on its role in popular culture. The reasons that he gives against rap music have a basis in moral values, which is understandable considering his profession as a Baptist minister. However, I think that the deeper purpose in writing this essay is to examine the background of gangsta rap and to look at how it is related to historical and modern portrayals of black men and women. He is criticizing those who are against rap music only on grounds of its content and the actions of its performers. He encourages readers to take a closer look at the context of rap music and to consider its good qualities.

Rap

2007-11-14T14:02:00.000-05:00

Dyson's real purpose in writing this evaluation is to evaluate the origin of the music. He discusses where the music came from and how the roots of the artists are what makes rap what it is. However, he also discusses the negative aspects of rap in such that it stereotypes and often puts people down. If people hear names such as bitches and hoes in the music, they are going to think it is okay to call people those names. Dyson is showing the crude material that is throughout rap music, but that is not all he is doing; he is also showing the positives of the music and how it tells some true stories and allows the writers to express where they are coming from and express themselves through music in a healthy way. This evaluation explores every side of the issue.

Gangsta Rap

2007-11-14T12:56:00.000-05:00

Dysons real purpose in this essay is not to evaluate the music itself, but to evaluate the origin of the content of the music. It goes into depth of where it started, and how it possibly evolved into what it is today, not excluding the fact that the music does contain crude material. Dyson does not put down rap music entirely, but he doesnt defend it completely either. It is a great evaluation in the sense that it hits all of the bases. The positives, negatives, and everything in between.

Response for Friday: Dyson and Gangsta Rap

2007-11-14T11:40:00.000-05:00

3. What is Dyson's real purpose in writing this essay? The kinds of criteria he uses should give you some sense of this. Is it an evaluation of rap music on artistic principles, or something more?

--ejfleitz

Fast Food

2007-11-14T11:33:00.000-05:00

I'll be the first one to admit, I like my fast food. I eat it probably 2 times a week and I usually go all out and eat a large sized meal. None of the new, healthier options that Crane mentions are something that I would try. As much as I eat fast food, I never seem t gain any weight, so t doesn't bother me too much. I say eat what you want and if you eat a lot of fatter foods, just do some exercise and burn some of the calories off

Fast Food

2007-11-14T09:17:00.000-05:00

None of the "healthy" fast food items that are being produced interest me. I still eat whatever I feel like, and I always plan on eating whatever I feel like. But unlike the fat 2/3 of America, I refuse to let that food takeover and give me rolls. If you are constantly eating the wrong foods and watching your calories rack up, exercise. I'm not talking about going for a hard, power walk. I mean real exercise where you plan on sweating. If you can run 4 miles at an easy 7 minute mile pace, you'll burn nearly 600 calories. 600 CALORIES! That's a complete meal that you just eliminated. So instead of just whining about how fatty fast foods are, just accept that that's what they are always going to be like, to do something to burn them off.

Mcnasty

2007-11-14T02:32:00.000-05:00

I think that the most convincing part of Crane's argument is that he speaks from personal experience. Crane personally tested healthy food from popular fast food restaurant and then defended his claims with some study results. Crane doesn't base his argument on purely on other people's arguments, he uses practical information (taste, looks, etc.) that anyone could deduce. I personally think that this information makes his argument stronger and makes his article more convincing. If he only used test results to make his argument, then his paper would be boring and wouldn't be extremely reliable (or at least not to me) because some test results can easily be refuted.

Mcnasty

2007-11-14T00:16:00.000-05:00

Of all the things in the article that stand out to me, the main point comes from the burger statistic about healthy food. How can a company say they want something to be "made to order" and also be healthy. As americans the food we order off the menu, is usually beautiful made, and put together flawlessly. When we recieve the food, it is a mess of sloppy burgers and burnt fries. Anyway you look at it, healthy food should look as good as its supposed to be for your body. Overall i think that if people are going to go to a fast food resturante in hopes to eat a healthy meal, they should turn around and walk away. You cant expect to eat healthy food at a place that sells cheeseburgers for a dollar.

McNasty

2007-11-13T23:39:00.000-05:00

I was surprised to see how fattening the "healthy foods" at fast food places were. It wasn't too hard to believe though. I think it is a little obserd that fast food places even need to pretend to be healthy. People blame fast food for their gaining weight, but in reality, they choose to eat there. I know people are busy, but I think it is a bit ridiculas to blame fast food. Instead of getting bent out of shape about how unhealthy fast food's "healthy" foods are, they need to realize that they are still choosing to eat it. On the flip side, I do think it is sort of dishonest for fast food places to trick people into thinking they have healthy food when they don't. Then again, what can you expect in a market economy?

McNasty

2007-11-13T20:58:00.000-05:00

Crane shows lots of evidence, he shows the "healthy" choices that arent very healthy at all. The fact that America is overweight has started a trend to try to eat better when in reality its not really healthier it just looks that way. The fact that the salads at McD's almost have as many calories as their regular greasy foods shows that fast food isnt taking the right steps to get healthier, the healthier choice would to just say dont come to our restaurant and eat a real meal. Some people probably take this message more personal than others because they may feel Crane is attacking them. Its not really an attack towards anyone, more of an eye opener which more people need to realize and see.

McNasty

2007-11-13T20:24:00.000-05:00

The thing that stood out to me was that fast food chains such as McDonald's, Burger King, and Taco Bell all have a "healthful" menu, but in reality they are disgusting to eat. This holds very true. When those "healthy" foods are good, then it is probably because the croutons and dressing are actually more fattening, like McDonald's Crispy California Cobb. If there is more grams of fat and only a little less calories than a Quarter Pounder, then why not eat what you really want? Crane broke up every individual ingredient to show that after putting it all together it is not much healthier, although, that is how they advertise it. Another thing is the old processed chicken nuggets of white and dark meat were replaced with real white meat, and they are not only healthier but also delicious and better than the ones before. If fast food chains could only do this to all their meals they would greatly benefit, as well as, the obesity in society would go down. I think there is really one side to this evaluation, by this I mean that most people would agree to this, because it isn't like someone wants to be less healthy and thinks that fast food is a very reliable source of food. Most people either don't care if the food is fating or they do care but eat it anyways. They get a lean chicken wrap with french fries, and people believe that this is healthy.

McNasty

2007-11-13T18:11:00.000-05:00

The piece that stood out most to me was the Californian Cobb salad. I was surprised at how many grams of fat and calories were in the salad. You could eat a Quarter Pounder with cheese and fries for a few more calories and less grams of fat. I guess people think they are eating healthy by choosing a salad but in the end with croutons and dressing, its not so healthy. The restaurant says they are giving you a healthier choice but when you break everything down it is not better for you. I think people that read this will realize fast food is not healthy for you.

Television Violence

2007-11-12T17:48:00.000-05:00

If it is true that Domestic violence effects children more than Television violence than the there should be laws and policies put into place to regulate domestic abuse on television. There should be guild lines that production companies have to follow regarding domestic violence on television. Thus the argument changes from there being too much violence in TV, to the type of violence portrayed on television.

McNasty

2007-11-12T17:40:00.000-05:00

I believe that the most convincing part of this article was when Dan Crane broke down the ingredients and the nutritional value of one f the salads at McDonald's. I think it is unbelievable that a salad, after all the other additives, could have more calorie and fat than a quarter pounder. I believe that some people will think that Crane is stretching the truth after reading this assessment, and not take what he is saying as fact. I also believe that others will take heed and think twice before they go through that McDonald's line and order something "healthy."

McNasty

2007-11-09T17:35:00.000-05:00

The one thing that really stood out to me in this article was the happy meal for adults. The "Go Active" meals were very popular at one McDonalds at the town next to me back home. I actually got one of those meals, and still in fact have one of those pedometers that come in the meal. Just like he said, it was used just like a toy in the Happy Meal. I played with it while I was eating, wore it home, then maybe used it once or twice after that, and then forgot about it. It has been collecting dust ever since, which was about two years ago. It was a good idea, but it didn't quite stick. All of what Crane says in this article is very true, and there is atleast one thing that absolutely everyone can relate to, probably even two or three things.

McNasty Article

2007-11-09T15:32:00.000-05:00

The most convincing piece for me was the information about the McDonald's Crispy California Cobb Salad. The fact that with all the additives and the crutons and the dressing, the salad has almost as many calories as a quarter pounder and fries. The sad part is that it has more grams of fat then the quarter pounder and fries. The sad truth is that the so called healthy options are not really healthy at all, in fact some of the "healthy" options actually have more calories and grams of fat then the not so healthy options. If people are trying to lose weight and manage their diet, fast food places are not the options. The healthy parts of the menu are still high in fats and calories and I think if people read this piece they would realize what fast food is actually doing to their bodies and try and find real healthy food that are low in calories and fats that don't come from a fast food restaurant.

McNasty article

2007-11-08T22:29:00.000-05:00

The evidence that was the most convincing for me was the fact that one of McDonald's salads had almost as many calories as a Quarter Pounder, and actually had more grams of fat. This made me realize that even though some foods are advertised as being more healthy, we as consumers must take a closer look ourselves. We cannot necessarily trust advertisements or "healthy" labels on food. I think that Crane's article would have opposite effects on different groups of people. Some people who are attempting to be health-conscious would probably take a closer look at the nutrition facts of what they eat, especially at fast-food restaurants. However, I think that those who are already overweight or do not take as much thought in what they eat would just be discouraged by Crane's article. They may get the impression that healthy options are not worth it, and they might as well go for the traditional fatty options.

McNasty Article

2007-11-08T12:48:00.000-05:00

Out of the criteria that Crane provided, I was most affected by when he was talking about the sandwich from Burger King. It's so true that fast food places will promote their "healthy options" and then when you order it, it comes out looking absolutely disgusting and basically uneatable. Another thing that seems to happen a lot is when you actually take the time the compare the calories between a salad from McDonalds or a Big Mac, there really is not that much of a difference. The truth is, anything you are going to get from a fast food place, is not going to be that healthy for you. If people are really worrying about losing weight and eating healthier, they just need to stay away from the fast food places all together, and go somewhere where they know they can get something that is actually good for you body.

Response for Wednesday, 11/14: "McNasty" article

2007-11-07T12:37:00.001-05:00

3. Of the criteria and evidence Crane provides, which do you feel would be most likely to influence you decisions about food choice? How do you think different audiences would react to Crane's assessment?

--ejfleitz

Television-Tim Fisher

2007-11-07T09:20:00.000-05:00

The laws should be changed in concurrence with the influx of new information regarding television violence. If it has been discovered that violent behavior is the result of domestic violence and not television, then some safeguards on the t.v. used to prevent children from seeing some shows can be removed. Also, the government really is going to need to work on how to crack down on domestic violence if they want this new trend to stop.

Transitions

2007-11-07T09:19:00.001-05:00

While America remains a more violent country than Canada, and nothing can change that, there are some valid reasons remaining as to why America has such a vastly higher crime rate. One of those reasons would be the population. The United States population absolutely dwarfs that of Canada. The United States population stands at the moment at 301,139,947 and it is growing everyday. If you compare that with the Canadian population which stands at 33,390,141 and you can see why the crime rates differ so much. With that vast of population difference, it stands to reason that crime in the larger country would be much higher.

tv violence

2007-11-06T22:53:00.000-05:00

Tv has nothing to do with how violent someone will be, I could've told you that years ago. The media tries to protect from too violent on tv, but people will see violence else where, and it isnt goin to make them a criminal if they see it on tv. But yes they number 1 cause is domestic violence, because that all the person sees and knows so it makes sense. Tv has nothing to do with people becoming violent, so all the censors, and ratings for shows should go away because they make no sense.

paragraph

2007-11-06T22:44:00.000-05:00

Sitting around and concentrating on one thing at a time if you suffer from ADD. ADD is also known as Attention-Deficit Disorder, and currently affects 5% of the world's population. The disorder is mainly considered to be a developmental disorder, presenting itself in childhood. ADD usually comes with certain traits such as lacking impulse control; one with ADD would have trouble with simple tasks because they are easily distracted by anything and everything. History of ADD dates all the way back to 493 BC when scientist Hippocrates talked about a condition of patients who had "quickened responses to sensory experience, but also less tenaciousness because the soul moves on quickly to the next impression". ADD has almost become an epidemic one could say, but only in America because no other place in the world has as many ADD cases as the USA. There isn’t one cause for this strange fact, but there are some speculations on why this trend is happening in America and no where else.

I learned a lot about transitions they help focus the point. And lead into new things. Without them papers would just be randoms thoughts one after another.

Using Transitions

2007-11-06T21:02:00.001-05:00

Many teenagers that use drugs do so because of peer pressure by friends. Peer pressure may occur when a friend influences you to do something you usually would not do, or stopped you from doing something you would like to do (Peer Pressure). Teenagers are closer to their friends than they are their parents and also share more information with their friends. Teenagers know the risks of doing marijuana but getting accepted by their friends is more important to them. During the teenage years it is hard to resist peer pressure. When they know everyone else is doing marijuana, consequently they feel as if they need to, too. As a result, teens would join their friends since they would not want to feel that as if they are being left out. Not only are teenagers influenced by their peers to do drugs but their parents also influence them.

Transitions Paragraph

2007-11-06T19:53:00.000-05:00

In America, violence is everywhere. We see violence in the media, movies, television, and video games. Certainly, the biggest one is in the media, which makes it hard to get away from violence. In return the media makes Americans feel paranoid. Similarly, everyone is afraid of everyone else, like neighbors, classmates, coworkers, etc. So therefore, when we feel too afraid we resolve the problem with violence, normally with firearms. Although as Americans we believe that we are the best, and this is an attitude that has served us well throughout our existence. For example, if there is something wrong, whether or not it happens in our territory, we send ‘American troops’, ‘the best troops’, to resolve the problem. However, while we have this attitude of being the best, most do not realize that our neighbors up north, Canadians, are doing a better job with the crime rate. Canada’s crime rate is significantly lower than the U.S., because Canada has stricter firearm regulations than the U.S. Since these regulations exist, Canada does not have as much violence. Also, Canada does not have violence in their media. In return, Canadian’s are less afraid of each other, unlike Americans. In summary, the less violence there is in the media, then the less afraid people will be of one another.

Revised Paragraph

2007-11-06T17:00:00.000-05:00

Today studies have proven that marijuana use among teenagers has steadily increased throughout the past couple of decades. Studies showed that “Between 1991 and 2001, the percentage of eighth graders who used marijuana doubled from one in ten to one in five” (“Marijuana Use Among Teens”). What phenomenon has caused this increasing trend in statistics? There are many possible aspects of modern culture that could have contributed to the rising numbers. Perhaps it is because the availability of the drug has increased among today’s youth. Peer pressure also has a big effect on teens’ decisions. Marijuana today may also contain stronger, more powerful drugs that make it more addictive. In addition, several key celebrities have seemed to encourage drug use through the highly public examples of their own lifestyles. But more strongly evidenced is the theory that parents’ influence on their children has led to the increase in teenage marijuana use.

Revised Transition Paragraph

2007-11-06T14:03:00.000-05:00

Pop ups began as a way to present random types of information from a webpage without you controlling it. The idea of pop ups used in a normal fashion stated in an article written on Ivertech, “There are "innocent" pop-ups with the sole intention of getting you to a website to sell a product” (Bigham 1). They first may seem like a good idea, but encrypted inside each of these tiny boxes could be thousands of viruses or even spyware waiting to attack your computer. With each website visited, thousands of pops ups can show up on an unprotected or even a mildly protected computer is under complete attack at all times. Although these attacks may not be visible to the naked eye, the damage they can cause is indescribable to non experienced computer users. The main remark that can be made against pop ups comes straight from the hidden dangers that strike when unsuspecting users visit various sites. As an avid user of the internet I believe that we need to take a stand against these types of things, and not allow it to control our electronic lives.

Paragraph

2007-11-05T13:40:00.000-05:00

Underage drinking is a very serious problem in our culture that is affecting our world. In fact, there have been numerous deaths associated with underage drinking, which include driving under the influence, binge drinking, rapes, hazing, and simply poor judgment. Alcohol is a serious drug that impairs vision, motor skills, slows reaction time, and disables a person's ability to think clearly. Thus, it forces people to react in ways they would not normally and take risks that people usually regret the next day. Alcohol turns people into something they are not, something they do not aspire to be, yet those who start drinking underage usually do it to fit in with the "cool" crowd. Peer pressure has major influences in teenager's lives and why they turn to alcohol. There are many other influences other than peer pressure that influence underage drinking and those include stress, addictions in the family, the media, and freedom from not being under parental constraints.

paragraph

2007-11-05T12:45:00.000-05:00

So the question still stands; why is Attention Deficit Disorder most common in the United States than anywhere else in the world? The biggest reason is that our nation's eating habits are completely different from other countries. Our nation's diet contains massive amounts of sugar and caffeine. For example, the nation's children consume all of this sugar and caffeine in massive amounts and are then expected to sit down and do their homework or pay attention in class. Sure, there is sugar and caffeine in other countries, but they are not consumed in such large amounts as they are in the United States.

TV violence

2007-11-05T12:28:00.000-05:00

If domestic violence really is the main cause for aggression in kids, then the rules for what can be shown on tv have no merit. The ratings, the bleeping of cuss words, etc. would be completely pointless and should be removed. However, if tv violence would no longer be an issue, they would have to remove the bleeping on the radio aswell. Although I agree that all the bleeping they do these days, and all of the ratings for tv is midly silly, I still think that it plays some part in aggressive behavior in children. Yes, it is silly to bleep the word "drugs." Yes it is silly to bleep out the word "suicide." But the other vulgar words should continue to be cut out from tv and radio, to encourage children to not use these words. The same goes for TV violence. Although it may not be the main cause of aggression in kids, it still plays a part.

revised paragraph

2007-11-05T12:16:00.000-05:00

One possible trend that may be causing the increasing tendencies of drug use among youth is that marijuana is more readily available to teens than it has been in the past. According to an article in the Washington Post, "availability is the mother of use" (Califano). As a result of the increase in availability, teenage use will also increase. To demonstrate, a CASA survey found that forty percent of twelve to seventeen-year-olds reported that they could purchase marijuana within one day. Increasingly, twenty-one percent of teens reported that they could have access within one hour (Califano). However, while these rates seem surprisingly high, they are not necessarily a large enough increase to cause the sudden jump in teenage drug use.

Response for Wednesday: Transition Paragraph

2007-11-05T12:08:00.000-05:00

For Wednesday, do the following:

Choose one paragraph from your group's essay #4. Identify any places where transitions could be included, and revise to include them. Post the revised paragraph here. (More info on transitions is in your Simon and Schuster Handbook, p. 94-95.) No replies are necessary.

TV Violence

2007-11-05T12:04:00.000-05:00

If Curtis' research and conclusion is correct, then the debate about television violence is totally discredited and doesn't even have a basis anymore. Laws and policies would have to be changed to be less restrictive about what kids can watch, and ratings would be less harsh regarding violence. While I do agree with Curtis that domestic violence probably has a bigger effect on whether or not kids grow up to be violent, I think that what kids see on tv does impact the way they think. Parents have the responsibility to know what their kids are watching and control the level of violence that they are allowed to watch.

Barbie

2007-11-05T11:29:00.000-05:00

I do believe the causal analysis still does hold true, but not to the same extent it did in 1996. American Culture does change over time, but Barbie is still quite an icon. I believe that in todays society, the media has the most effect of girls with their body image. They see pictures of celebrites and are suppposedly supposed to look like that.

Barbie-Tim Fisher

2007-11-05T09:15:00.000-05:00

This is one theory that I have never put much stock in, and never will. The thought of women ruining their lives through eating disorders just so that they can look like a doll is laughable. Any women who really believes that men are comparing her appearence to that of a Barbie doll are nuts. Most men have just grown to accept the fact that celebrities have better lives and better bodies than any woman they are ever going to find. We men merely are just looking for a girl who makes us happy, not who resembles our little sister's dolls.

2007-11-05T08:38:00.000-05:00

American culture hasnt changed but has stayed true to Angelea Cains theory, becausse the society still portrays the curvacious anorexic body of Barbie. It is displayed all over the media in music videos where the only women in them are skinny curvacious women that the men are all over, or displayed in magazines and billboards. This body size of barbie is idealized by our society for every women to have, and to achieve that scores of women unfortunatley take the anorexic or bulimic route.

2007-11-05T05:46:00.000-05:00

The Barbie doll has remained the ideal model for women to look for years. Even to this day, women are obsessed with how they look. And although Barbie may not be the culprit of this physical shallowness, that mentality still exists. Women today are still obsessed about their appearance and strive to get that perfect body. Barbie may have been replaced by celebrities and models, but what she represents still exists in today's society and will for a long time.

Barbie

2007-11-05T00:09:00.000-05:00

Cain's article is still very true today. Although things seem to be improving with models having to have a weight limit, and plus size ad campaigns, the issue is still there. There is still a craze to obtain the perfect body. Everyday when you turn on the television there is am add for a dieting pill, or a new new make-up, or a fitness commercial. All these things are feeding into the thought that young girls could be better looking. In today's day and age, no one is ever happy with where they are at, and the same was true in 1996 when this article was written. I believe that the only thinking that has changed between now and then is that people are more aware of this problem and are doing more things to help try and fix it.

Barbie's Body

2007-11-04T21:06:00.000-05:00

Sadly enough, Cain's claims still hold true today. Its not even just girls either, there are a number of guys who aim for better bodies, but probably wont say it out loud. The way the media shows people, it makes the viewer seem like they're the only one who isnt perfect. Everyday you hear about a celebrity who had a baby and two weeks later they've lost 20 pounds, and that makes average people strive for that. They'll never get those results because 9 tims out of 10 those average people will have average resources to getting thin, or looking borderline sick. Overall there is still this image that everyone tries to find for themselves, and say that they are somewhat proud of their body. The way the media puts the pressure I dont think anyone will think they're absolutely perfect for awhile.

Barbie's Body

2007-11-04T17:03:00.000-05:00

Cain's article was published in 1996, and some of her analysis has changed but not by a lot. The only thing that actually changed is the fact that model agencies are putting more "plus size" models on runways and magazines. Although, the "plus size" models are still a lot thinner than what the average American woman is. Also, Barbie had a breast reduction; to portray a more realistic figure. Other than that, I believe that Cain's analysis is still very true. Children do look at toys for body image. Now, there are the BratZ dolls, which are very thin, big lips, big eyes, and long, silky hair. I have younger sisters who want to be "just like them". As for adults they do still look at models. There are so many new shows about models too; America's Next Top Model, Americas Most Smartest Model, and so on. There are times when the judges feel that the models are getting fat. So, when America sees this they feel horrified if they are fat then I must be a whale! The increase of fast food has made the latest generations very unhealthy. There are more obese children now then there ever was. So, the parents are trying to control this problem in the wrong ways. Self-image still plays a big role in American society today.

Is Barbie Perfect?

2007-11-04T16:57:00.001-05:00

I feel that that it still hold true today. Even though her article was published eleven years ago, girls still think they need to be super thin. They look in a magazine and see supermodels or actresses and wish they were thin. Although the person on a magazine cover may not be that thin due to airbrushing, the magazine does not mention that fact. Girls need to become confortable with their body and not care what other people think.

Is Barbie's body really perfect?

2007-11-04T09:42:00.000-05:00

I think that girls today have more problems with wanting their body to look perfect, than girls did in the past. Not only do girls have Barbie to look at and wish their bodies look like hers, but now the media forces perfect looking models on us all the time. Girls see the Victoria's Secret commercials on tv and automatically think that this is what they should look like. Unfortunately, the outcome of this is a lot of girls trying to get to that point by being unhealthy, there are so many more eating disorders than there used to be, all because somehow we got in our head that the only way to be beautiful so if you have the abnormal body of Barbie.

Is Barbie perfect?

2007-11-03T22:00:00.000-04:00

I think that people today still think of barbie as the perfect figure. Girls everywhere harm themselves through starvation and other means in an attept to look like a barbie. Models portray this barbie image as they tend to have similar figures as barbie. I don't believe that girls should have to feel the need to make sure they look like barbie, but I'm not going to lie and say there wouldn't be perks. The fact of the matter is, if you look like barbie, more guys will like you. Now, a girl may attract boys for the wrong reasons and she may find it hard to find someone who takes her seriously, but she will attract men. These are the simple basics of attraction. Perhaps they are wrong, but I think it is foolish to think we can change them.

Is Barbie really perfect?

2007-11-03T13:53:00.000-04:00

If you were to walk into a mall, or even down a street in a city, you would see many different kinds of people. After reading Cains essay about barbie, i agree that since it was published in 1996 things may have changed a litte bit. In the artice written it says that it is impossible to have the "perfect" body, but in my eyes i believe that modern technology can do anything you want it to. I have seen four hundred pound men, have the right surgery and come down to 180 lbs. Overall i believe that in the past 10 years, things have changed so much that it is not only barbie who causes the ill feelings of body types in our society.

The signature "hourglass figure," is not truly what american teenagers look for in todays society. If given the choice i would say most teenagers in todays world look more towards the "americans top model" type of body type. The idea of skinny, blonde, beautiful model still holds true today, but does not necessarily make the basis of what our society concludes as "perfect." That word may never truly be used in any situation because in my opinion it does not exsit

Barbie

2007-11-02T16:34:00.000-04:00

I think that the causal analysis still holds true today. Everywhere you look you see skinny models who have perfect bodies and perfect hair. No one is perfect and no one likes everything about their body, but the media doesn't portray that. Instead every magazine has models who are airbrushed, thin, and flawless. Barbie dolls are the same way. No girl should aspire to be skinny and perfect, because no one is. Those who make themselves skinny end up getting sick and doing more damage to their bodies than they realize all because they want to look thin and like a model. Our culture needs to stop advertising the perfect body and accept people as they are. People come in all shapes, colors, and sizes and we should not be forced to feel bad if we do not exemplify the look of the airbrushed models.

Barbie

2007-11-02T13:40:00.000-04:00

Cain's reasoning still does hold true to this day. The barbie/supermodel image is still the same. Models still havent gotten less skinny, and barbie still has those perfect curves. I think that many people still think about being the ideal weight, but more and more people are becoming comfortable with their weight, and not doing drastic things because of weight.

Barbie

2007-11-02T12:20:00.000-04:00

Although Cain's article was published over ten years ago, I feel that what she discusses still holds true in today's society. Women are encouraged by societal elements, such as Barbie and supermodels, to be extremely skinny. They learn to feel bad about themselves or be ashamed if they do not have the perfect figure. I know that as a child I always wished that I could grow up to look exactly like Barbie. This view of the ideal woman is not something that is going to change drastically overnight, but I do feel that we have progressed a little since then. Plus-size models are struggling to be accepted, and are slowly changing the mainstream views. I think that it is a great thing that women are learning to accept the way they look without feeling like they need to change their appearance in order to fit in.

Response for Monday: Barbie

2007-11-02T11:48:00.001-04:00

4. Cain's article was published in 1996. Do you find the causal analysis still holds true or has American culture changed to the extent that her claims seem out of date?

--ejfleitz

Customer Service

2007-10-29T11:31:00.000-04:00

It is important that coffee shop employees not act like individuals from the employer's perspective because they are hired to make whatever company they work for look good. The employees must make sure that their company has a good reputation, and is well represented. If an employer is selfish and rude and only caring about themself, then the customer is unlikely to come back again and will most likely spread the word to friends about how poorly treated they were at the particular place.

Coffee shop

2007-10-29T09:13:00.000-04:00

I think its important for employees to not act like individals becasue they're all here to create an image. An image thats supposed to be the same for everyone not just people who want the image. By signing the contract for the job you agree to doing whatever your employer asks you to do, and if you dont want to comply with it than you should quit. It would only cause conflict if you choose to go against your employer.

2007-10-28T23:51:00.000-04:00

It is very important from the employers perspective for the employees to not act as individuals becuase it would be misrepresentation of the company. The company wants overall one representation of their products in a freindly way that will be received well by the costumer, and if all the employees act in their indivualistic style the products may be misrepresented which may be detrimental to the company.

Coffee-Tim Fisher

2007-10-28T23:16:00.000-04:00

The employees need not understand the reasons for the employers demands, they need only to fulfill what ever duty the employer assigns them. That's because it is their job to do so. They are being paid to fulfill the contract they signed with the company. And when an employee no longer "feels" like doing what their employer wants, they should quit.

Coffee Shop

2007-10-28T21:34:00.000-04:00

Employees should not act like individuals because it is bad businees. If the customer is unhappy, he will not continue to purchase your goods and you will make less money. The solution is to keep the customer happy. If an employee acts as an individual than they will tend to be honest to the customer. In this situation, if the customer is mean to the employee, the employee will be mean to the customer. This however, cannot happen because the customer will then be unhappy and discontinue purchasing your product. Instead, when the employee acts like a member of a unit, he/she realizes that they must be nice to the customer (against their nature) in order to achieve the ultimate goal of making more money.

Why should I be nice to you?

2007-10-28T20:50:00.000-04:00

It is important that coffee shop employees not act like individuals from the employers perspective, because the company wants people who will succeed in making the customers happy. The biggest job that employees have is to make the customers happy, and without doing this then the company will not receive good business. It does not matter how rude a customer is, because even if they are technically wrong, they are "always" right. Since the employees have to make sure that the customers are always happy, then they must let them know that they are also always right. It is very simple, if a customer is dissatisfied then the employee makes them satisfied. The employer does not want to know the true opinions of the employees, because this will not benefit the company.

Coffee shops

2007-10-28T20:26:00.000-04:00

It is important that coffee shop employees not act like individuals because they are part of that chain. The become a aspect of the product for sale. As am employee of a fast food chain or a coffee shop, the employees are encouraged by their employees to be nice, polite, and smile. This is only to benefit the company in the employers point of view. It is not like in other chins where a smile or good attitude could get you a tip, because in the coffee shop industry interaction between the customer and one worker is very limited. The employee's are to sell the company that they work for, along with the product, so they themselves become a product as well.

Coffee Shops

2007-10-28T19:50:00.000-04:00

It is important for a coffee shop employee to not act like an individual since they are working for a company. The company would like to promote a happpy, friendly atmosphere and would like their employees to smile and be kind to everyone even the rude customers. The company would like to comtinue making business and would like customers to return. The company would like the customers to tell other people how nice the employees are not how bad they were treated.

Why should i be nie to you?

2007-10-28T14:48:00.000-04:00

The idea of people being individuals in certain places of employment allow them to work a crowd or audience to increase a tip or even just to make the customer happy. But in a place like a coffee shop, were the customer is their to get coffee and leave, it is better for someone to pretend to be happy all the time, and or keep the same face and personality as the employer wants. If a employed wants their employees to be quiet and answer in small sentences then if you want to keep that job your going to have to. If a employee does not respond to a employers wish then the chances of them keeping that job are very slim, mainly because the empolyer probably knows whats best for the buisness over you. Individualistis people usually stand up for themselves against rude customers, employers know this and have to make sure to avoid these people.

Coffee Shop Response

2007-10-28T13:17:00.001-04:00

It is important that coffee shop employees not act like individuals because in reality it doesn't matter to a company who you are, but just how you can when it comes to representing their company. As long as an employee is nice and friendly towards a customer, even if the customer is not acting the same, thats all that matters to the company. A company wants their employees to represent them in a very positive way, at all times, so that customers will continue to come back.

Coffee Shops

2007-10-28T13:16:00.000-04:00

It is important that coffee shop employees don't act like individuals from the employer's perspective because the employer's simply want their employees to represent the company, not themselves. They want their employees to show smiling faces and friendly service not make friends with the customers. Their job is to provide a friendly atmosphere, efficient service, and a good product that the consumer will like and will hopefully come back for more. If the employee tries to befriend the customers there is chance for them to offend the customers or be rude or even to overbearing that the customers will not want to come back. Too much of a personality can also turn away customers, that is why the employees should just smile and complete the sales for the customers so that they will return.

Coffee shop

2007-10-26T12:54:00.000-04:00

Since most companies are focusing on customer service, all that the employers of the coffee shops care about is friendly service with a smile. Other than the great product, good, friendly staff are believed to be the deciding factor in whether or not customers will come back or not. Because of this, it is important to maintain that image to complete sales and to encourage regular visits from customers.

Coffee Shop Service

2007-10-26T11:47:00.000-04:00

Employer's just want their employees to represent a smiling face and friendly attitude no matter how rude the customer is. The service workers are the face of the company, and the company wants its customers to be impressed enough to return and keep giving them business. If an employee would offend a customer, that customer would most likely not return and would maybe even convince others to stop providing business to that shop. That is why it is important to employers for the employees to not be noticed unless it is for their good attitude, and to simply provide the service that the customers expect.

Response for Monday: Coffee Shop Service

2007-10-26T09:55:00.000-04:00

After reading the Raine essay, answer the following question in a post:

3. Why is it important that coffee shop employees not act like individuals from the employer's perspective?

--ejfleitz

New Orleans

2007-10-24T09:44:00.000-04:00

Kelman's analysis contributes to all of the positive things that the cite and the area have to offer. He talks about why the city was initial built, and how the city and site benefits from being so close to the Mississippi river. He makes rebuilding the city a great economic opportunity.

2007-10-24T01:43:00.000-04:00

Although not explicitly stated, Kelman believes that it is relatively foolish to rebuild the city of New Orleans. Based on the city's location and demographics, the city was a death trap. Rebuilding the city would only waste time and money on something that would probably need repaired again in the future.

New Orleans

2007-10-23T23:14:00.000-04:00

Kelman article does contribute to the question of whether to rebuild the city. He states how the city has a quite some time, put itself in this unfortnate situation. It has relied on uncertain artifice to protect it from unpredictable environs. New Orleans lies well below sea level and is a shallow bowl basically, surrounded by many levees. His immiediate analysis is that New Orleans would be a very, very difficult rebuliding process and most likely shouldn't happen

Kelman, New Orleans, Football Stadiums-Tim Fisher

2007-10-23T23:09:00.001-04:00

Kelman basically believes that New Orleans is one of the dumber creations that mankind has ever made. The city is completely surrounded by monstrous levees that hold out the enormous amount of water that would otherwise engulf it. Kelman believes that this city, and apparently football stadiums, should be forgotten about.

Jeremiah Knox: Kelman's New Orleans

2007-10-23T23:05:00.000-04:00

Kelman's idea on rebuilding New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is rather pessimistic. Although it is not directly stated by Kelman, it is apparent that he thinks very negatively on the subject. He points out that the levees of New Orleans do not provide adequate defense against flooding. In fact, Kelman states that the levees only turn the city into a bowl. Kelman leads to the idea that if New Orleans were to be rebuilt, then there have to be better defense mechanisms to protect the city.

Kelman:New Orleans

2007-10-23T21:45:00.000-04:00

Kelman looks at the issue rebuilding New Orleans through a factual stand point. It talks about how the land is physically incapable from protecting itself from natural disasters like flooding and hurricanes. He goes on to point out the because New Orleans is so far below sea level, many times water has too be pumped out of the city. Another point that Kelman makes about the construction of New Orleans and it's dependency on engineered landscapes to protect this city. All these points and more help contribute to the fact that he does not believe that New Orleans should be rebuild after hurricane Katrina, because it is not in agreance with the environment.

Kelman: New Orleans

2007-10-23T19:32:00.000-04:00

Kelman's analysis is that New Orleans should not be re-built. He states many reasons why the city should not be re-built. One reason being the city could flood again like during Hurricane Katrina. Another reason is if we build higher walls it will take longer to get the water out of the city. Since the city is below sea level, it is not a good location to start a city when it was founded and it still is not a good location.

Kelman Article: New Orleans

2007-10-23T17:46:00.000-04:00

In the article that Kelman wrote he discusses why he doesn't think that New Orleans should be rebuilt. The thing that makes the article so convincing is that he is sure to back up his reason's with why he doesn't think it should be rebuilt. He discusses how it is just not a safe place to live, even if they built it back up again, it would still not be safe. They thought it was safe from the beginning and it still happened so who is to say that it will not happen again? He is just saying that in reality it is not worth the risk of going through all that devastation again.

New Orlean's

2007-10-23T16:59:00.000-04:00

Kelman indirectly explains that New Orleans should not be re-built. He mentions the poor location of the city. He says that it is located right in the path-way of many tropical storms. Also at the end of this article he mentions that now because they have decided to re-build New Orlean's it will be harder to get water out that gets in.

New Orleans' Blessing or Curse?

2007-10-23T14:24:00.000-04:00

On the second page of this online article, Kelman states many very harshly worded opinions towards the idea of Katrina becoming rebuild. Saying things like "new orleans i a fool's errand, or a disaser waiting to happen," does not show much support to allow a newly renovated city. He spoke much about all the problems and negative aspects of katrina on the city and also the fact that either way citizens look at it, the city is doomed. The pumps that were created to help against floods failed in the wrath of katrnia, and overall the city is in a destructive tropical storm pathway. I dont necessarily agree with these statements but for one to live in such a dangerous area i give them much credit.

New Orleans' Blessing; New Orleans' Curse

2007-10-22T19:16:00.000-04:00

Kelman's analysis might make people think that re-building New Orleans is not a very good idea. Even though Kelman does not specifically say that New Orleans should not be rebuilt the idea is still addressed. Kelman shows how New Orleans has been an accident waiting to happen. He talks about how bad the location is for a town. Kelman does point out though that the area is good for business. But the overall point of his article is how inconvenient the area is to its surroundings.

Kelman article

2007-10-22T15:21:00.000-04:00

Kelman's article would cause people to strongly consider the possibility of not rebuilding New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. He gives many points that defend this position. He discusses how the location and environment of the city are great disadvantages when it comes to weather and natural disasters. He brings up the good point that it is a very suitable place (situation) for business, but then states that the site of the city is more critical, and concludes that it is not a good place for a city such as New Orleans to be located.

New Orleans

2007-10-22T13:43:00.000-04:00

Kelman's analysis shows that he does not think New Orleans should be rebuilt. He discusses how they thought it was a safe place and how they thought they were moving all of the people into a safe environment during the storm but even that was destroyed. He does not think it should be restored because it is not safe, water is constantly rushing in and flooding New Orleans and the only way available to protect it also damages the location because water is hard to get out then. levees are supposed to keep the water from the Mississippi River out; however, they dont always do that and massive floods are the result. Kelman feels that the damage to the city is too strong and there is not a sufficient plan to contain the water so the area should not be rebuilt.

Katrina vs. New Orleans

2007-10-22T12:21:00.000-04:00

Kelman provides such good reasons for why New Orleans would not have been restored. He made it a simple fact that New Orleans is a bad area for people to live because the site may never improve. The higher they protect against water, the harder it is to get water out. Since it is so difficult to live there, some people may have speculated not restoring it at all. Kelman states many valid reasons not to, and he is very convincing of the opinion.

Response: Kelman essay

2007-10-22T11:48:00.000-04:00

3. In the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, there was speculation that New Orleans would not, or should not, be rebuilt. What does Kelman's analysis contribute to the question of whether to rebuild the city?

--ejfleitz

Technology

2007-10-17T09:59:00.000-04:00

I believe Saffo would answer critics who state "you can't outlaw technology;the technology will get there anyway", by saying that is true, but how far do you think we should go with technology? His points are valid and make you wonder what kind of place will we be living in, in 10 year. The new technology seems to favor crooks and bandits. Its scary to think how easy people might be able to steal your Social Security number or DNA identity.

A Trail of DNA and Data

2007-10-17T09:51:00.000-04:00

Saffo might answer a critic by saying that he is not trying to outlaw technology but he is just trying to stop the levels and ways identities are being taken and stolen and that as technology grow and becomes better that it will be easier to copy some id. And even though the technology is out there does not mean that it has to be used for everything that involves very personal information.

2007-10-17T08:54:00.000-04:00

If given the question I beleive Safo would answer it carefully and to his best ability by saying, the rise of technology cannot be disapated but there it should be controled to a certain degree. The rise of technology is so quick that its hard to understand how any of the technology even works these days, where manufacturers will get a head of themselves with a project but just a month later leap foward with a new one. If technology keeps growing at this pace then the government may have too much control that citizens may not enjoy such as the DNA testing for identification. It is just a warning to watch the rise of technology with care.

DNA

2007-10-17T08:49:00.001-04:00

Saffo would answer the critic by saying he doesnt want to outlaw technology, that would be almost impossible. He just isnt a big fan of technology moving so fast which could create bigger problems for the future. Problems that dont come up until technology advances even more, which no one really has control over not happening. I believe thats what Saffo would say.

DNA

2007-10-17T03:10:00.000-04:00

I believe that he would answer a critic by saying that technology should not be outlawed, but instead handled with care. People are too irresponsible and willing to give out personal information when technology is involved. I feel that the purpose of his article was more to make people aware of the threat to security than to say that technology should be outlawed.

Jeremiah Knox: A Trail of DNA and Data

2007-10-17T02:18:00.000-04:00

I think that Saffo would say that that technology shouldn't be outlawed, but it shouldn't be used to keep our identities secret. Saffo says that if we use DNA or fingerprints as pass codes for important information, then it will be a serious problem if a hacker gets a hold on that information. Hackers are more crafty than people give them credit for, and if they really try, then obtaining such information would be easy. And if a hacker gets a hold of that information, then it is public forever. At least with Social Security Numbers and bank account numbers, they can be changed if a hacker steals that information. One can't just change their DNA or fingerprints. They are with you until you die. Saffo says that because of these issues, that technology shouldn't be applied, but he never said anything about developing such technology.

A Trail of DNA and Data

2007-10-16T21:15:00.000-04:00

I believe when Saffo would answer a critic, he would state that he wasn't trying to say that technology should be outlawed. Just that even though technology is advancing, its not always the absolute best thing. Their can still be flaws and things that go wrong, that end up taking a turn for the worse in the end. With technology advancing and moving forward, in a lot of ways people are losing privacy in many ways.

Saffo-Tim Fisher

2007-10-16T21:09:00.000-04:00

Having never met Paul Saffo or read any of his works, I feel somewhat out of my element by trying to describe how he would answer a question. However, I myself would be inclined to answer that technology shouldn't be outlawed, but merely advanced with caution. With every advancement in technology that improves our lives, our lives also take a turn for the worse. With this latest bit of DNA technology, sure our lives may be better protected from disease and criminals, but our freedom of privacy takes a major hit. Once we start surrenduring our freedoms, it is a long slippery slope that none of us want to go down.

A trail of DNA and Data

2007-10-16T17:28:00.000-04:00

I believe that Saffo would answer the critic by telling him that he is not for the outlaw of technology, but that he is just simply trying to get others to realize that the advancements made in technology today may be innovative, but they are not flawless. His main point in this article is to magnify the fact that just because our world if becoming more and more technological, doesn't mean that it is becoming more perfect. Crooks will still find a way to beat the system, no matter how advanced it becomes. So technology is not always the answer to our problems.

DNA and data

2007-10-16T17:04:00.000-04:00

I believe Saffo would answer by saying that he was not writing this to stop technology. He would say he was writing this to inform people of what could happen if this technology comes out so they could prepare and be safe. He knows that this technology will come out eventually there is nothing he can do about it but warn the people of what will possibly happen.

A Trail of DNA and DATA

2007-10-15T19:54:00.000-04:00

I think Saffo know that technology can not be outlawed but he wants the public to be aware of the causes and wants people to be safe. Technology is taking away people's identities. He would like to see more privacy and restrictions on the way technology is used. Saffo would like to fix the fraud problem but not necessarily put an end to technology since everything is centered around technology.

A TRAIL OF DNA AND DATA

2007-10-15T19:27:00.000-04:00

A way Saffo might answer to a critic who says "You can't outlaw technology; the technology will get out there anyway.", would be that he is not trying to get rid of technology, but for people to be aware of the dangers that technology can lead to. Saffo is saying that the solution is to change the policies. By making a more protective and more descriptive policy. Saffo talks about the dangers of DNA identity, but knows that it can not be stopped. Although, if the restrictions are set, then it could reduce the chances of fraud that Saffo implies will happen.